Hawala Scam-115 top bureaucrats were identified as having participated in the scam.[

Hawala Scam

(JUST FOR MY REFERENCE...VIBHA)

Vineet Narain was responsible for bringing the Hawala scandal to light.[citation needed] 115 top bureaucrats were identified as having participated in the scam.[citation needed] Case No.340-43 of 1993, Supreme Court of India

The case got a momentary boost up as a result of a PIL (Public Interest Litigation) filed in the Supreme Court.[citation needed] In 1996 for the first time in Indian history, several cabinet ministers, chief ministers and governors were charge-sheeted.Several landmark decisions were passed by the Supreme Court of India in the Vineet Narain Vs Union of India and Ors case.[unreliable source?][2]

In July 1997, Mr. Narain compelled the Chief Justice of India comment on the Hawala case. He wrote a book on the case entitled Hawala ke Deshdrohi or Dangerous Silence.

Hawala scandal

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The Hawala scandal or hawala scam was an Indian political scandal involving payments allegedly received by politicians through hawala brokers, the Jain brothers. It was a US$18 million bribery scandal that implicated some of the country's leading politicians. There were also alleged connections with payments being channelled to Hizbul Mujahideen militants in Kashmir.[1]

Those accused included L. K. Advani, V. C. Shukla, P. Shiv Shankar, Sharad Yadav, Balram Jakhar, and Madan Lal Khurana. Many were acquitted in 1997 and 1998, partly because the hawala records (including diaries) were judged in court to be inadequate as the main evidence.[2] The failure of this prosecution by the Central Bureau of Investigation was widely criticised.[3]

Pamulaparti Venkata "Narasimha Rao" (Telugu: పాములపర్తి వెంకట నరసింహారావు; 28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004) was the 10th Prime Minister of India, serving from 1991 to 1996.[1] He led one of the most important administrations in India's modern history, overseeing a major economic transformation and several incidents affecting national security.[2] Rao accelerated the dismantling of the Licence Raj. Rao, also called the "Father of Indian Economic Reforms,"[3] is best remembered for launching India's free market reforms that rescued the almost bankrupt nation from economic collapse.[4] He was also commonly referred to as the Chanakya of modern India for his ability to steer tough economic and political legislation through the parliament at a time when he headed a minority government.[5][6]

Rao's term as Prime Minister was an eventful one in India's history. Besides marking a paradigm shift from the industrializing, mixed economic model of Jawaharlal Nehru to a market driven one, his years as Prime Minister also saw the emergence of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a major right-wing party, as an alternative to the Indian National Congress which had been governing India for most of its post-independence history. Rao's term also saw the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya which triggered one of the worst Hindu-Muslim riots in the country since its independence.[7]

Rao's later life was marked by political isolation due to his association with corruption charges. Rao was acquitted on all charges prior to his death in 2004 of a heart attack in New Delhi. He was cremated in Hyderabad.[8]