Experts spot smallest planet outside solar system-25/08/2010

25/08/2010

Experts spot smallest planet outside solar system

Geneva: Scientists say they've identified a sun-like star with as many as seven different planets — including one that might be the smallest ever found outside the solar system.



This artist’s impression made available by the European Southern Observatory Tuesday, Aug. 24, 2010, shows the remarkable planetary system around the Sun-like star HD 10180. AP

If confirmed, the planetary system around HD 10180, a star more than 100 light years distant, would be the richest ever discovered. One astronomer says it's part of a growing body of evidence that the universe is full of planets -- and that a bunch of them could be similar to our own.

"The really nice thing about finding systems like this is that it shows that there are many more out there," said Alan Boss, of the Washington-based Carnegie Institution for Science, who wasn't involved with the find. "Mother Nature really had fun making planets."



The Earth as seen from the Moon. NASA

Although most of the planets identified are large -- about 13 to 25 times the mass of our home -- those behind the discovery, announced Tuesday at an international conference in France, say they're nearly certain they've identified one only 1.4 times the size of Earth.

That would be the smallest planet ever spotted outside of those which orbit our own sun.



An Eclectic Mix of Galaxies. NASA

Scientists have been spotting planets beyond our solar system for the past 15-odd years, and they've now catalogued some 450. But most finds have been limited to one or two or three planets, usually gargantuan balls of gas similar to Jupiter or Saturn.

But at up to seven planets, the new discovery is almost as rich as our own solar system, which counts eight.



Neptune's blue-green atmosphere is shown in greater detail than ever before by the Voyager 2 spacecraft as it rapidly approaches its encounter with the giant planet. NASA

Christophe Lovis of Geneva University, one of the scientists behind the find, said the first five were most comparable to Neptune.

"They are made essentially of rocks and ice. They have a solid core. But on top of that is a layer of gas, of hydrogen and helium most likely," he said. "They are probably not habitable."



Of the countless equinoxes Saturn has seen since the birth of the solar system, this one, captured here in a mosaic of light and dark, is the first witnessed up close by an emissary from Earth, none other than the faithful robotic explorer, Cassini. NASA

The sixth is possibly a Saturn-like planet, while the seventh, the smallest, would be so close to its star that its "year" would take just over a day.

Lovis and his team haven't been able to observe the planets directly, which is typical. Few planets can be seen against the blazing light given off by their much more massive parent stars. The European Southern Observatory compares the challenge to "spotting a dim candle in front of a raging forest fire."



Ancient, White Dwarf Stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. NASA

So the scientists used the observatory's 3.6 meter (11.8 foot) telescope at La Silla, Chile, to study the star itself. Over six years, they took 190 measurements, checking it for the telltale wobbling caused by the gravitational forces of nearby planets.

Boss noted that the method was "biased toward finding the big guys" because the greater the planet, the greater its gravity and the more it made its parent star wobble. But he said the discovery showed that finding smaller planets was still possible.



Composite Image of Jupiter Storms. NASA

"This field has gone from zero to close to 500 planets in just 15 years," he said. "Fifteen years we did not know about the big guys. Earth-like planets are going to be quite commonplace."

The find was made by researchers from Switzerland, France, Germany, and Portugal and has been submitted to the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

Source: AP